The National Energy Administration has released the "Technical Guidelines for Biomass Fuel Pile-up and Storage", edited by Guoneng Bioenergy, which will be officially implemented on March 24, 2025. The content includes: scope of biomass standards, normative reference documents, terms and definitions, site selection for material yards, layout of material yards, stacking in material yards, and storage.
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introduction
This document is compiled in accordance with the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines - Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules for Standardized Documents".
This document was proposed and coordinated by the Biomass Power Generation Standardization Technical Committee of China Electric Power Industry Federation (CEC/TC24). The drafting units of this document are: Guo Neng Biomass Power Generation Group Co., Ltd., Guangdong Yue Deng Zhanjiang Biomass Power Generation Co., Ltd., Hydropower and Hydropower Engineering Planning and Design General Institute, Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., China Agricultural University, Tsinghua University.
The main drafters of this document are: Ma Baolian, Sun Peiyi, Zhao Jingjing, Sun Hua Hai, Chen Yu, Liu Yumei, etc.
This document is the first release.
Suggestions or comments on the implementation of this document should be fed back to the Standardization Management Center of China Electric Power Industry Federation (No. 2, Bai Guang Road, Beijing, 100761).
Technical Guidelines for Biomass Fuel Storage and Storing
1. Scope
This document stipulates the site selection conditions for the material yard of biomass power plants, the requirements for the layout of the material yard, and the technical requirements for the storage and storing of agricultural and forestry biomass fuels (hereinafter referred to as "fuels").
This document is applicable to the site selection, layout, and fuel storage and safe storage of fuel storage areas for biomass power plants with a capacity of 12MW and above (excluding temporary storage areas).
2. Normative References
The contents of the following documents are incorporated into this document through its normative references. The referenced documents with an annotated date only apply to this document for the date indicated; the referenced documents without an annotated date apply to this document for the latest version (including all amendments).
GB/T 30366 Biomass Terminology
GB 50762 Design Specifications for Straw Power Plants
GB/T 40511 General Technical Specifications for the Storage and Utilization of Agricultural and Forestry Biomass Fuels
NB/T 11247 Storage Specifications for Biomass Energy Fuels of the Type of Straw - Part 1: Storage
NB/T 11249 Storage Specifications for Biomass Energy Fuels of the Type of Straw - Part 3: Fire Safety
GB 50016-2014 Fire Protection Design Code for Buildings (2018 Edition)
3. Terms and Definitions 3.1
Agricultural and forestry biomass fuel refers to the agricultural and forestry residues generated during the production and processing of agriculture and forestry, which can be further utilized for energy conversion. Mainly classified as straw-based fuels (such as corn straw, rice straw, wheat straw, cotton stalk straw, reed straw, various vegetable straw, etc.), wood-based fuels (such as bark, branch wood, leaves, etc.), and shell and skin-based fuels (such as rice husk, peanut shell, pumpkin seed shell, etc.). 3.2
Temporary storage site
This is a place temporarily rented from the lessor for the purpose of temporarily storing agricultural and forestry biomass fuel. 3.3
Fuel yard: A place specifically designed for storing biomass fuel, capable of performing functions such as fuel storage, processing, blending, and logistics. 3.4
Openair fuel yard - a fuel storage area without any buildings or structures covering it. 3.5
Stack of fuel
According to its own characteristics, fire protection and management requirements, the fuel is concentratedly piled up into relatively independent and geometrically regular bodies with certain rules.
3.6
Dry fuel shelter
A semi-open fuel storage building with a complete roof and a maintenance structure area not exceeding 30% is used to store dry fuel.
4. Site Selection of the Material Field
4.1 The site selection of the material field should be comprehensively considered based on transportation, fire prevention, explosion prevention, environmental protection, hygiene, and living requirements, combined with local topography, geology, earthquake and meteorological conditions, etc.
4.2 The site selection of the material field should follow the principles of proximity, cost economy, appropriate scale, and convenient management.
4.3 In cases where full closed fuel processing and storage cannot be achieved, the site selection of the material field should be located on the downwind side of the prevailing wind direction throughout the year.
4.4 The site selection of the material field should take into account various factors such as the surrounding village environment, traffic conditions, the distance between the material field and the factory area, the fuel resource endowment, etc.
4.5 The site selection of the material field should avoid being adjacent to high-risk enterprises such as chemical plants, gas stations, high-voltage lines, etc.
4.6 The site selection of the material field should be chosen in an area with flat terrain (principally, non-desertified land), convenient power supply access, and not easily affected by floods, and convenient for drainage.
4.7 The transportation channels around the material field should try to have no highways, railway culverts, road toll stations, etc. that restrict fuel transportation.
4.8 The construction scale of the material field should be determined based on the comprehensive balance assessment of the local urban master plan, regional power planning, power plant setting planning, and the supply volume of biomass fuel within the region.
4.9 The ratio of the land area of the material field to the production area should be 3:1.
5. Layout of the Material Field
5.1 The material field should be planned in accordance with the overall plan of the power plant, process flow, fuel variety characteristics, meteorological conditions, design reserves, etc., and reasonably determine the overall layout of the material field.
5.2 The material field should be centrally arranged at the edge of the factory area and should be located in the downwind direction of the prevailing wind throughout the year.
5.3 The material field should form clear functional divisions with the main production area, and should avoid mutual influence. The ratio of the dry fuel shelter to the open fuel field should be reasonably determined based on the local precipitation, environmental protection requirements, etc.
5.4 The material field should have the functions of fuel measurement, quality inspection, monitoring, and necessary office facilities.
5.5 The entrance of the material field should be equipped with a guard room, and its location should be convenient for observing the situation inside the field.
5.6 The material field should be equipped with electronic truck scales, which should be arranged near the logistics entrance and exit, and a measurement room should be set up nearby the electronic truck scale, and the arrangement of the electronic truck scale should be convenient for vehicle entry and weighing.
5.7 The minimum distance between the open fuel field and the buildings and structures within the factory should comply with the current national standards GB 50016, GB 50762 and relevant regulations.
5.8 The fuel in the open fuel field should be stored separately, and the long side of the fuel should be parallel to the prevailing wind direction throughout the year, and there should be an operation passage between the fuel stacks.
5.9 The material field adjacent to the factory boundary should be equipped with a solid wall no less than 2.20m high.
5.10 A windbreak and dust suppression net should be set up around the material field, and the height of the windbreak and dust suppression net above the solid wall should be no less than 6m.
5.11 Clear, prominent and eye-catching signs and markings should be configured within the material field.
5.12 The drainage of the open fuel field should preferably adopt the method of natural collection.
5.13 The orientation of the main buildings within the material field should be determined based on the location conditions, sunlight, natural ventilation and natural lighting, etc.
5.14 The material field should have a dedicated logistics entrance. When the logistics and pedestrian entrances share one entrance, corresponding isolation measures should be taken for logistics and pedestrians. 5.15 The storage site should have convenient transportation. Circular transportation vehicle lanes and circular fire-fighting lanes should be set up. The grade of the access lanes should not be lower than level 3.
The width should be no less than 7.00m. When there are obstacles such as pipe supports or walkways above the lanes, the clear height should not be less than 4.50m.
5.16 The roads around the storage site should adopt urban-type asphalt pavement or concrete pavement. The road width should not be less than 7.00m, and the design load should not be lower than level 20.
5.17 The main roads within the storage site should be designed based on the total weight of transportation vehicles not less than 80t, the length not less than 21.00m, and the width not less than 3.50m.
5.18 The construction of dry material sheds within the storage site should be considered in combination with the regional environment, environmental protection requirements, local annual precipitation, and fuel types, etc.
5.19 The open-air storage sites on the expropriated land should be fully hardened. Concrete hardening can be used. The construction process should be determined based on the local environment, climate, and design bearing pressure.
5.20 The fire safety layout within the storage site should comply with the requirements of the "Storage Specifications for Biomass Energy Fuels of Corn Straw - Part 3: Fire Safety" NB/T 11249 document.
5.21 At least one fire truck should be configured within the storage site, and the fire truck should always be in a full water standby state.
6. Fuel stacking and storage
6.1 Corn straw type fuels
6.1.1 Corn straw bulk materials should be burned immediately upon arrival and should not be stored for a long time.
6.1.2 Corn straw large packages
6.1.2.1 Corn straw large packages should be stacked and stored under the condition that the internal moisture of the package does not exceed 30%.
6.1.2.2 The length and width of the corn straw large package stack should be determined based on the site conditions, and a certain width gap should be reserved between packages to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation.
6.1.2.3 Corn straw large package stacks should be covered with straw, wheat straw, tree bark, etc. as the top cover, with a smooth surface and no dents.
6.1.2.4 The long side of the corn straw large package stack should be parallel to the prevailing wind direction of the local area.
6.1.3 Corn straw round packages
6.1.3.1 Corn straw round packages should be stacked and stored under the condition that the internal moisture of the package does not exceed 30%.
6.1.3.2 The length and width of the corn straw round package stack should be determined based on the site conditions, and the shape should be an upper small and lower large triangular shape.
6.1.3.3 During the rainy season, corn straw round package stacks should be covered with rainproof cloth.
6.1.3.4 The long side of the corn straw round package stack should be parallel to the prevailing wind direction of the local area.
6.1.4 Corn straw small packages
6.1.4.1 Corn straw small packages should be stacked and stored under the condition that the internal moisture of the package does not exceed 30%.
6.1.4.2 The length and width of the corn straw small package stack should be determined based on the site conditions.
6.1.4.3 Corn straw small package stacks should be covered with straw, wheat straw, tree bark, etc. as the top cover, with a smooth surface and no dents.
6.1.4.4 The long side of the corn straw small package stack should be parallel to the prevailing wind direction of the local area.
6.1.5 After the corn straw type fuel stacking is completed, a fireproof tarpaulin should be used to enclose the side adjacent to the main road.
6.2 Wood-based fuels
6.2.1 Low moisture wood-based fuels with moisture not higher than 25% should be stacked in large roofed stacks.
6.2.2 Low moisture wood-based fuels in stacks should not be mixed with high moisture fuels.
6.2.3 After the low moisture wood-based fuels are formed, daily inspection should be conducted no less than once a day, and temperature measurement should be conducted no less than twice a week.
6.2.4 High moisture wood-based fuels with moisture higher than 25% should be stacked in a progressive manner from small stacks to medium stacks to large roofed stacks.
6.2.5 For high-moisture wood-based fuels in small and medium stacks with moisture content higher than 25%, the storage duration should be adjusted in a timely manner based on the storage space of the material yard and weather conditions; when the moisture content drops below 30% and before the fuel acquisition peak season or rainy season arrives, it is advisable to stack them into large piles.
6.2.6 The storage time of high-moisture wood-based fuels with moisture content higher than 25% should be differentiated according to the type of wood-based fuels. Under normal circumstances, tree bark fuels should not be stored for more than 3 months, white board bark and branch and twig fuels should not be stored for more than 5 months, and wood block fuels should not be stored for more than 6 months.
6.2.7 After stacking the high-moisture wood-based fuels, daily inspections should be conducted no less than once a day, and temperature measurement should be conducted no less than twice every two days.
6.3 Shell bark fuels
6.3.1 The storage of shell bark fuels should be selected in areas of the material yard that are relatively away from the dominant wind direction and have higher stack bases, considering the long-term wind direction of the material yard.
6.3.2 The storage area for shell bark fuels should be on a hardened concrete surface.
6.3.3 Shell bark fuels should be stored by wrapping the stack base with straw packages.
6.3.4 Shell bark fuels should be covered with tree bark fuels first.
6.3.5 Daily inspections of shell bark fuels should be conducted no less than twice, and the frequency of temperature measurement should be determined based on the actual situation on site.
6.4 The management of storage positions for formed fuels should comply with the requirements of the "Storage Specifications for Biomass Energy Fuels of Tree Bark Type - Part 1: Storage" NB/T11247 document.
